The Iberian Peninsula had slowly slipped from Christendom control due to numerous invasions by the Moslems, and by the eighth century, an Muslim state existed well inland, with its briny city of Cordoba becoming the largest air jacketern European city by the tenth century. As the Frankish empire began to lose its position and influence in the middle ninth century, the flood-gates to the Spanish west were opened for Moorish attacks, and following the sack of Barcelona in 852, the Spanish March fractured into numerous counties. This downward spiral caused an already famine of military manpower and resources to such a minimal train that the Islamic lords of southern Iberia could not resist the temptation of hike assaults--finally establishing the Umayyad caliphate and ending Christendom expansion westward. This Moslem stranglehold existed until 1031, when the collapse of the Umayyad caliphate splintered the Islamic kingdom into twenty-three separate kingdoms--allowing the Christendom kingdoms of the North a immense opportunity to reestablish and reconquer lost territory.
Now that the grounds for the see-saw skirmishes had been established, the channel for the Christian Reconquista had been paved, but the peculiar background of the former Frankish March, and the emergence of a new feudal system had a spectacular impact on the Christian military capabilities.
First, the term feudal, as applied to the situation on the Iberian Peninsula, must be used sparingly, for although there was an institutionalized required call-to-arms, it was far from the fixed Frankish feudal system. In the words of Lourie, the Spanish barrier was a society organized for war, and this was evident with the castles and fortifications that dotted the territories in contact with the Moslems, and the make-up of the armies of the Spanish kingdoms.
In short, it was the kings right to summon the the States in times of need, and...
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